TALKS TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: THE SOUL IS ABOUT TO DISAPPEAR?
Paris, April 20, 2000 - Julia Kristeva, psychoanalyst and writer, Denise Bombardier, journalist and television personality and Canadian essayist, and Adalberto Barreto, Brazilian anthropologist and psychiatrist who treats the excluded favelas, discussed the April 18 at UNESCO Headquarters, diseases of the soul, their future and prevention in this field. This dialogue was the 12th meeting of the cycle of Twenty-First Century UNESCO meeting held in the presence of the Director-General Koïchiro Matsuura, brought together an audience of more than 800 people.
The soul is disappearing? wondered Bindé, Director of the Office of Policy Planning, in his introduction to the debate. He stressed that psychoanalysts attended for 20 or 30 years to a staggering event, "the decline or eclipse of interiority, of the psychic life of the subject's symbolic space and its ability to represent and to represent the conflict. " New patients are emerging. It sees increasing depression, he added, as well as psychosomatic illnesses, injuries and narcissistic states limit the acting out and disorders related to addiction to the image: "the conflict, instead of finding the words, then falls to the skin or the body or in the violence of the gesture," said he observed.
Faced with crises of modern society, the "malaise of civilization" and extensions of "diseases of the soul", Julia Kristeva has formulated three main issues. Pressed by stress, eager to earn and spend, enjoy and die, our contemporaries do they still have a soul? Or contemporary ways of life they tend to eliminate the soul or put in trouble? Gold said that psychoanalysis, is that "you are alive only if you have a mental life." Second question: faced with the retraction of psychic space, can we still rebel? Julia Kristeva has pointed out that modern culture can no longer be based on the forbidden. This certainly is not lifted, but it is negotiated and relaxed because he is facing a revolt, the decline of authority and the "crisis of values". But the problem is deeper and relates to our mental life: that psychoanalysis proposes is to restore a soul "not as a castle enclosed, but as a constant questioning," which maintains a "revolt intimate. "Third question: why psychoanalysis Is atheism? Because, says Julia Kristeva, she shows us the absolute cleavage of the human being who makes just the absolute impossible, making us discover our nature as beings "thrown into the world" in a universe that can not be stable, but at the same time, psychoanalysis, awakening the ability to revolt, leading the patient to recreate links in a creative experience.
Denise Bombardier has mainly focused on diseases of the time the twenty-first century and the "evils of the soul" that they induce, in societies dominated by the media, who continue to break over time. She has raised the compression of time in industrial societies, even in love and death and the disappearance of expectation and new symptoms, such as "mobile madness" and the decline of privacy or "rites of passage". The implications of these conditions of time, reflected for example by the growth of the practice of "zapping", have serious implications for the transmission of knowledge in schools and the relationship to others, "she concluded.
Adalberto Barreto spoke of his practical experience in the favelas where an uprooted population survives of "lost souls". "Diseases of the soul" in this marginalized population are compounded by feelings of abandonment, insecurity and loss of self-esteem, "he said. "The most dramatic in the favela is not visible and apparent misery, but misery hidden and internalized the favelado, which plunges him into a sense of failure and leads to" self-boycott " . Faced with these serious psychological and social marginalization, community therapy developed throughout Brazil by Professor Barreto programs designed to promote collective awakening of self-esteem in the group, using techniques adapted to local cultures, and create places likely to recreate, in a participatory, social and emotional bond. "The restoration of self-esteem of the excluded is the cornerstone of the fight against diseases of the soul in the twenty-first century", concluded Barreto, founder of the fundamentalist movement in community mental health, which, with the support of organs associated with the National Conference of Brazilian Bishops, has already formed in this country nearly 600 community leaders active in the favelas.
Unesco Press No. 2000-36
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