ashes to ashes dust to dust (3)
pain, it happens in my head?
bruises, wounds, bruising, hematoma, often there is no pain rien.La exists by itself does no damage apparent.Il more so to test the body to find where it hides, evil comes from above: the brain .. This is called psychogenic pain.
This pain is real. Patients insist convince some recalcitrant therapists. In fact, come in what is called the pain disorder, where psychological factors play a role in triggering symptoms in its intensity and aggravation as well as its persistence.
psychogenic disorder refers to multiple psychiatric etiologies. And pain in post traumatic, following accidents of all kinds, included in the painful body the indelible memory trace of the event which threatened the existence (1). The best example is the phantom limb .
The term phantom limb means that an amputee feels a member yet present, most often so painful. This feeling is experienced by at least two-thirds of new amputees, and after a year over a third still complaining. Often, it decreases with time, both in intensity and frequency. But sometimes it reappears with more impact than early . it can sometimes be replaced by sensations of hot, cold, tingling, tingling, cramping, constriction. Essentially all types of sensations that the member was able to experience during its existence before the amputation.
These sensations are explained by the fact that part of the brain that has always felt the member reported feeling the rest of the brain. The thinking part of the brain knows it, that the member has been amputated. There are so very different information and even paradoxical that walk in the mind and spirit. (2)
Pain and suffering, what is the difference?
Whatever the etiology of pain, although psychological in origin (bereavement, trauma, separation) it is experienced by a person like any other pain.
The mental state strongly influences the perception of pain. Pain is harder to bear if the person is depressed or anxious, and many chronic pain meet in the problematic relationship pathologies (divorce, redundancy, retirement, death, sexual abuse). While a pain that persists without being taken seriously may cause depressive disorder and a depressive illness can only speak about how
pain (back pain or migraines). . (3)
But if grief is considered a mental disorder, it has a different meaning of bodily pain: the suffering. In fact
suffering is what makes say "I am evil" while Pain is what makes say "I hurt." The etymology of the word "suffering" is also very interesting: the word suffering is two Latin words: the prefix "sub" means "below" and the verb "ferre" meaning "bear." The word represents the image a support, which is all that is over.
In the philosophical sense of both words, this is explained by the fact that:
"The pain is its own reality as suffering is its own meaning, the paradox being that it is impossible within the meaning of be its own reality, is meaningless reference to externality itself, recall or anticipation of something else. While ideally the pain could be blocked by itself circumscribed by its particular place and thereby brought into existence, suffering is its own exteriority and hence already reported to life. Her externality is not exteriority of a thing in relation to another but the sense of respect to himself . "(4)
other words, if the pain is nociceptive sensation conscious, suffering is the experience of this sensation, the brain integrates into the unconscious.
However the fine thread that separates the two is often a source confusion and abuse of language we say that someone suffers from back or is in pain following a bereavement etc. ..
pain can be treated how ?
Gone are the days when surgeons were operating without anesthesia, or that women give birth in pain, now deal with pain is a priority, and for this we used the painkiller.
pain The term refers to processes but also and above all medicines to fight against pain. The scientific term is equivalent analgesic. Greek year, private and algos "pain", this drug (also known as analgesic) that mitigate or even eliminate the most powerful analgesics douleur.Les and older are opiates, substances derived from opuim.
The story of the opium
e opium poppy has been known for over 4000 years avantJ-C. Seeds and capsules have been found in European Neolithic settlement dating back five thousand years before our era. The Sumerians knew almost four thousand years before our era and one of their shelves describes the plant of joy. It was also widely used in ancient Egypt, especially by the Pharaohs, not only for therapeutic but also for its psychoactive properties *. In ancient Greece, It appeared on coins and the goddess Demeter (Greco-Roman goddess of agriculture) was represented with poppy plants in his hands. The Nepenthes, giving drink to forget all the troubles described by Homer in The Odyssey, likely contained opium as well as the soma of ancient India. It was probably introduced into India by the armies of Alexander the Great three centuries before our era, but there is no culture that developed around the ninth century. At the end of the thirteenth century, Marco Polo observed the poppy fields in the Badakhshan region of northern Afghanistan where there are still many plantations.
Morphine eldest daughter of opium
THE XIX century, advances in chemistry make it possible to isolate a pure active substance in opium: morphine, this substance was named in reference to Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. The discovery of other alkaloids of opium (more than 20 different active substances) followed rapidly than morphine. By mid-century, the use of pure alkaloids began to spread in the medical world, taking precedence over the use of preparations unrefined opium.
widely used on the battlefield (Crimea 1854-1855, Civil War United States 1861-1865), it generates the "soldier's disease" first modern addiction. Its effectiveness against pain and the fame gained in the treatment against tuberculosis, as a means of morphine treatment undone any addictive component. The soldiers addicted to morphine will be treated later by a new opiate derivative, the heroine .
drift with morphine began when we started to use the injectable form.
It is then used to everything and everyone, especially in the medical field where we discover its effect dysphorisant then develops morphinism.
is mounted to this drug was not only due to morphine, but also other substances that the medical amalgamated property and analgesic property dysphorisante condemning a single block the drug.
Only in the early 50's that hospices English rediscovering the benefits of morphine by calling Brompton Cocktail (cocktail of morphine or heroin is associated with cocaine and alcohol) but still reserving only the last moments of life. (6)
Morphine acts on the increasing the pain threshold of pain perception (reduces sensitivity to pain), alters pain perception (For some patients, pain is always present, but morphine causes a certain detachment vis-à-vis her. ) . It reduces pain responses: objectively (cries, groans ) and subjective (apprehension, interpretation).
In itself, the effect of morphine as a sedative is safe and of limited duration. But addiction to morphine can be a real problem. It is even more the case with heroin, which contains a chemically modified morphine reaching the brain more quickly. Heroin and generates much more addictive than morphine.
A major problem with heroin is that its effect stops just as suddenly he starts. The consumer is suddenly faced with a hollow, which amounts to a very pressing invitation to take a dose, is the withdrawal syndrome. who is at the crisis in weaning addicts through sweating, lacrimation, mydriasis, muscle pain and cramping, digestive disorders (vomiting, diarrhea), hypertension, anxiety, aggression, hallucinations.
The body and its own drug
Discovered in the 1970s by Hans Kosterlitz and John Hughes in the brain of a pig, the endorphin ( association between endo = endogenous morphine) initially called enkephalin (Greek enkephalos : in head) is an endogenous morphine produced naturally by the human body, found especially in the digestive system, spinal cord and even brain. After an experiment on a rat, we noticed that these opioid receptors were responsible for feelings of pleasure in mammals. But what exactly are endorphins?
Endorphins have a role, control of respiration and gastrointestinal transit, to modulate the hormonal response and the immune system, causing feelings of pleasure, reduce stress and alleviate pain, induce sleep and the lasting feelings of love.
The effects of endorphins are measured at the release in large quantities, where they can cause a feeling of euphoria, ecstasy, or a sensation almost comparable to drug-taking, except that they are beneficial to organization. Endorphins
allow the body to maintain balance and well being. And any stress, any situation requiring to stay alert, resulting in increased secretion of endorphins our .. (7)
Love opium of the people?
There is now evidence that endorphins is one of the main component of the cocktail of love. Indeed the feeling of love and more love the act of endorphins flood the body. and the concept that describes the seventh heaven when orgasm is related to a point peak secretion of endorphins.
Moreover, the assumption of saturation of brain endorphins in emotional happiness of love explain the phenomenon that is the heartache that follows a breakup. Indeed, the behavior of the person being abandoned by the love she shows signs quite resemblance to those observed in drug addicts in morphine withdrawal: anxiety Permanent, insomnia, restlessness, irritability, aggressiveness towards his entourage, which succeeds a disorder downswing, prostration, lack of interest in the rest of the world. Can we then conceive, still assuming that "morphine" of love, the breakup corresponds to a genuine "withdrawal" brutal endorphins in the brain and the emotional heartache to a "shortage" in endogenous morphine? (8)
Endorphin on the path of meditation?
According to an article published by Dr. Jacques VINE, a study by Dr. Levine of the University of California endorphin may be indirectly linked to meditation: Levine has shown that endorphins them mediated by the placebo effect, that is to say that patients who suppress their own pain by believing receiving an effective medication do through endorphins. . The placebo effect is a particular example of self-suggestion is a method that can connect easily to many kinds of meditation, even if they are not reducible exclusively to self-suggestion. So
If endorphins allow explain the well-being experienced in meditation, if a specific practice can produce its own morphine inside the body, is not a guarantee of autonomy in relation to all kinds of dependencies, since the drug and alcohol addiction until this fundamental is to seek happiness outside when it is already there, present in us?
To close the loop
Finally, it is experienced as a punishment or as a means of purification, the pain is primarily a time of distress and fear that the man reached deep into himself . any thoughts on it raises the question about the very close relationship of the mind and body, and understanding of the finer of the phenomenon shows that there can be a dichotomy (separation) between the somatic (body) and the psychic, except possibly in respect of the generating mechanism of the process Algonkian.
Also if Hippocrates said, long ago, that "pain is a divine thing." though it meant that pain was the business of gods, the pain is intimately linked to him despite the notions of heaven and hell, whether of the cultural representation of pain than the pursuit of artificial paradise as ephemeral as it may be the cause of the flourishing trade of narcotics in the world and suggesting that it is utopian to imagine a world today without drugs.
( 1) Excerpts from pain point of view of a shrink! (Prof. Zouhair El Hechmi, Tunisian society of internal medicine)
(2) and phantom limb pain
(3) The pain in question ( Society study and treatment of pain )
(4) Philosophy online
(5) the analgesics
(*) psychotropic: The term literally means psychotropic acting, which gives a directioning mind or behavior (psycho). (Trope)
(6) psydoc
(7) Aqua design
(8) phial-5
for more information:
Pain Management :
phantom limb pain
Around the World Drug ( file Backpacker)