A blood sample analyzed, would not reveal the biological constants like *, as it comes from a female body or masculin.Et this has led many researchers to consider that gender strongly conditon body's vulnerability to a type of disease more than others. So there are differences in health problems of women and men? If this is the case, why such a phenomenon?
Physiology female, male physiology
First, women (on average statistics, of course, and with wide individual variations) hear twice as high (2.3 times on average). They hear with their two hemispheres, while men listen mostly with the left hemisphere, verbal, logical - and, therefore, critical. Mobilize women at the same time, their right hemisphere ( their corpus callosum is larger **) and any speech is colorful emotions, subjectively perceived through their desires and fears, their ethical and social values. They
hear what is said but also how it is said they are more sensitive to inflections of the voice, the rhythm of breathing, etc.Bien course, this rule of the hearing and the subjective listening in women n is a détailpour illustrate that overall, women are much more sensitive: His hearing is more developed (hence the importance of soft words, tone of voice, music). His sense of touch is more developed (women have 10 times more receptors for the skin contact), oxytocin and prolactin (hormone attachment and hugs) multiply their need to touch and be touched, His smell is thinner up to 100 times, at certain times of cycle.Son VNO (vomeronasal organ, a real sixth sense chemical and relational) perceives pheromones - that reflect more forms of emotions: lust, anger, fear, sadness ... etc. It would also be more sensitive in women (is this what we call "intuition"). As for the view, it is further developed and eroticized in man (hence his interest and excitement in the clothes, makeup, jewelry, ..). However, the woman has a better visual memory (face recognition and storage of objects).
When is a ball on the ground, shootent boys, girls pick it up and shake their heart cons. It seems independent of education and culture, and therefore directly linked to our hormones.La testosterone (the hormone of desire, sexuality and aggression, that hormone "conquest" military sexual) development: Muscle strength (40% of muscles in humans, against 23% in women) The speed of reaction and even impatience (92% of drivers honking at a red light are men!) Aggression, competition and the instinct of domination (the dominant male leads and maintains the quality of the species) endurance and tenacity, healing wounds, his beard and baldness; Distance vision; The launch of precision orientation in space (so that the product of hunting to the cave). A taste for adventure, new experiences and risk (the geniuses, like fools, are most often males). Estrogen
develop: The precision movements (the woman can bend easily each finger separately is much higher on tests of dexterity), fat (to protect and reserve for the baby): 25% fat in women, against 15% in men, verbal memory (names ) and the memory location of objects and near vision (wide angle to identify offspring and any foreign intrusion) and
hearing: the range of perceived sounds is much wider and women sing just six times more often than hommesLeur sound recognition is much better (hear and recognize her baby). The woman recognizes and names the colors more accurately (the X chromosome that carries the cone cells necessary for color vision). (1)
And if belonging to the female gender was a risk to health? hear what is said but also how it is said they are more sensitive to inflections of the voice, the rhythm of breathing, etc.Bien course, this rule of the hearing and the subjective listening in women n is a détailpour illustrate that overall, women are much more sensitive: His hearing is more developed (hence the importance of soft words, tone of voice, music). His sense of touch is more developed (women have 10 times more receptors for the skin contact), oxytocin and prolactin (hormone attachment and hugs) multiply their need to touch and be touched, His smell is thinner up to 100 times, at certain times of cycle.Son VNO (vomeronasal organ, a real sixth sense chemical and relational) perceives pheromones - that reflect more forms of emotions: lust, anger, fear, sadness ... etc. It would also be more sensitive in women (is this what we call "intuition"). As for the view, it is further developed and eroticized in man (hence his interest and excitement in the clothes, makeup, jewelry, ..). However, the woman has a better visual memory (face recognition and storage of objects).
When is a ball on the ground, shootent boys, girls pick it up and shake their heart cons. It seems independent of education and culture, and therefore directly linked to our hormones.La testosterone (the hormone of desire, sexuality and aggression, that hormone "conquest" military sexual) development: Muscle strength (40% of muscles in humans, against 23% in women) The speed of reaction and even impatience (92% of drivers honking at a red light are men!) Aggression, competition and the instinct of domination (the dominant male leads and maintains the quality of the species) endurance and tenacity, healing wounds, his beard and baldness; Distance vision; The launch of precision orientation in space (so that the product of hunting to the cave). A taste for adventure, new experiences and risk (the geniuses, like fools, are most often males). Estrogen
develop: The precision movements (the woman can bend easily each finger separately is much higher on tests of dexterity), fat (to protect and reserve for the baby): 25% fat in women, against 15% in men, verbal memory (names ) and the memory location of objects and near vision (wide angle to identify offspring and any foreign intrusion) and
hearing: the range of perceived sounds is much wider and women sing just six times more often than hommesLeur sound recognition is much better (hear and recognize her baby). The woman recognizes and names the colors more accurately (the X chromosome that carries the cone cells necessary for color vision). (1)
In any case, what the teachers think Vera Regitz-Zagrosek Berlin and Karin Schenck-Gustaffson Stockholm who believe that factors specific to female physiology are largely ignored in the field of medical research. Example: drugs prescribed to women are often poorly adapted to their specific needs, simply because doctors follow directions designed for men. It is only since 2004 that a regulation intended to include women in clinical trial protocols ... except that there is currently no obligation to do so.
medicine research can she be more interested in the ladies? It is the hope of these two representatives of European gender studies, this academic discipline emerged recently in the United States who studies sex differences. (2)
addition to broad determinants of women's health depends on specific factors that can bind schematically in pregnancy and sexual risk.
Pregnancy, childbirth and their consequences are still the leading causes of death, disease and disability among women of reproductive age in developing countries. Maternal mortality is currently estimated at 530,000 deaths per year, a ratio of 400 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in the entire world. The maternal mortality rate vary considerably depending on economic conditions and health, with the result of strong global inequalities. Sub-Saharan Africa, 940 women die from pregnancy or childbirth per 100 000 live births. This rate drops to 13 in industrialized countries.
Moreover, if women still have a greater longevity than these gentlemen, they live out their old age unless they are young and sometimes they are more able to develop certain diseases. Here are some examples:
diseases Coronary
Attacks coronary constitute the first cause of mortality and morbidity among both males than femmes.Mais the first signs of impairment appear 6 to 10 years again later in women, since estrogen have a protective role against the athérosclorose. MoreThe of mortality associated with cardiac involvement is decreasing among men while it remained constant in the women's camp, this being due to the fact that women often associate with other chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, which also affect principal arterial. (3)
Gender and Immunity
That the immune system is more reactive in females, this is a two-edged tranchant.En Indeed, women often have a better defense against infectious diseases, but also self-reactivity which leads to autoimmmunes most frequent diseases such as lupus erythematosus dissiminé (LED) giving a multivisceral disease requiring treatment and very heavy. And autoimmune diseases is the 5th leading cause of death among women of childbearing age. The search will have proven Solicitating that sex hormones contribute strongly to the development and exacerbation of autoimmune manifestations of SLE, but their relationship with other systemic diseases is less clear:
Sex hormones causes an increased rate of immunoglobulin which reinforces the response to infections.De addition, treatment with estrogen induces activation of B lymphocytes (B cells polyclonal) responsible for the synthesis of various antibodies, the Solicitating anticoprs autoimmune, and that abnormal secretion of cytokines.Cependant, sex hormones can not alone be the cause Disease système.En fact they set the stage for other factors (genetic and environmental changes) is conducive to these diseases, and influence their severity by modulating lymphocyte activity and growth at different life stages: intrauterine prepubertal and postpubertaire.Le mechanism remains poorly understood, but it seems it goes through the thymus gland (true nursery for lymphocytes). (4)
Sleep disorders
Although sleep disorders are twice as common in women, 75% of studies concerning them have been made in populations where it masculines.De would be difficult to compare the effect of sleep deprivation and sleep physiology same genre.Plus by far, the research conducted on this subject which is often considered "normal" for men to be valid also for women, so that We know perfectly well that y'ait disparities to consider, such as changes in secretion of growth hormone (GH) or other hormones secreted by neuroendocrine cells ..
Working temperature variation of the body, mood, emotional state menstuel cycle, pregnancy and menopause have a profound impact on sleep quality in the body féminin.Mais until it is accepted that the age of adolescence, sleep is similar in both sexes.Les differences now appear only in the transition to adulthood, age or sex hormones begin their ascent. (5)
Depression and Mental Illness
(*) Normal values of hématochrite, Number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, creatinine rates, etc. .. differ in both sexes.
(**) The corpus callosum is a bundle of neurons connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.
(1) Yvon Dallaire Me too ... me neither
(2) WHO: World Health Organization
(3) Impact of Gender on Treatment and Clinical outcomes in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction patients in Thailand.: Pubmed
(4) Gender and immunity:Pubmed
(5) Sleep, Sex Differences, and Women's Health
(6) The ABCs of depression
Photo: Ekosystem -Mexico
addition to broad determinants of women's health depends on specific factors that can bind schematically in pregnancy and sexual risk.
Pregnancy, childbirth and their consequences are still the leading causes of death, disease and disability among women of reproductive age in developing countries. Maternal mortality is currently estimated at 530,000 deaths per year, a ratio of 400 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in the entire world. The maternal mortality rate vary considerably depending on economic conditions and health, with the result of strong global inequalities. Sub-Saharan Africa, 940 women die from pregnancy or childbirth per 100 000 live births. This rate drops to 13 in industrialized countries.
Moreover, if women still have a greater longevity than these gentlemen, they live out their old age unless they are young and sometimes they are more able to develop certain diseases. Here are some examples:
diseases Coronary
Attacks coronary constitute the first cause of mortality and morbidity among both males than femmes.Mais the first signs of impairment appear 6 to 10 years again later in women, since estrogen have a protective role against the athérosclorose. MoreThe of mortality associated with cardiac involvement is decreasing among men while it remained constant in the women's camp, this being due to the fact that women often associate with other chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, which also affect principal arterial. (3)
Gender and Immunity
That the immune system is more reactive in females, this is a two-edged tranchant.En Indeed, women often have a better defense against infectious diseases, but also self-reactivity which leads to autoimmmunes most frequent diseases such as lupus erythematosus dissiminé (LED) giving a multivisceral disease requiring treatment and very heavy. And autoimmune diseases is the 5th leading cause of death among women of childbearing age. The search will have proven Solicitating that sex hormones contribute strongly to the development and exacerbation of autoimmune manifestations of SLE, but their relationship with other systemic diseases is less clear:
Sex hormones causes an increased rate of immunoglobulin which reinforces the response to infections.De addition, treatment with estrogen induces activation of B lymphocytes (B cells polyclonal) responsible for the synthesis of various antibodies, the Solicitating anticoprs autoimmune, and that abnormal secretion of cytokines.Cependant, sex hormones can not alone be the cause Disease système.En fact they set the stage for other factors (genetic and environmental changes) is conducive to these diseases, and influence their severity by modulating lymphocyte activity and growth at different life stages: intrauterine prepubertal and postpubertaire.Le mechanism remains poorly understood, but it seems it goes through the thymus gland (true nursery for lymphocytes). (4)
Sleep disorders
Although sleep disorders are twice as common in women, 75% of studies concerning them have been made in populations where it masculines.De would be difficult to compare the effect of sleep deprivation and sleep physiology same genre.Plus by far, the research conducted on this subject which is often considered "normal" for men to be valid also for women, so that We know perfectly well that y'ait disparities to consider, such as changes in secretion of growth hormone (GH) or other hormones secreted by neuroendocrine cells ..
Working temperature variation of the body, mood, emotional state menstuel cycle, pregnancy and menopause have a profound impact on sleep quality in the body féminin.Mais until it is accepted that the age of adolescence, sleep is similar in both sexes.Les differences now appear only in the transition to adulthood, age or sex hormones begin their ascent. (5)
Depression and Mental Illness
At the age adults, women suffer depression twice as much as men, and this is valid for all countries in the planète.A Childhood, however, girls do not seem to be more depressed than boys. Studies suggest that women trend to lower mood appears from age 13 to 15 years. The full models fail to explain this phenomenon, but mechanism affective (emotional reactivity), biological (prédispostion genetic, hormonal peaks and the timing of puberty and pubertal development) and cognitive (consciousness of his body, etc. ..) integrated all at once with event negative life factors predisposing to mental vulnerability largest in early adolescence. (6 )
(*) Normal values of hématochrite, Number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, creatinine rates, etc. .. differ in both sexes.
(**) The corpus callosum is a bundle of neurons connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.
(1) Yvon Dallaire Me too ... me neither
(2) WHO: World Health Organization
(3) Impact of Gender on Treatment and Clinical outcomes in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction patients in Thailand.: Pubmed
(4) Gender and immunity:Pubmed
(5) Sleep, Sex Differences, and Women's Health
(6) The ABCs of depression
Photo: Ekosystem -Mexico
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