It normally arises in the world 105 boys to 100 girls and this biological constant of the human race is immutable. Yet the proportion of boys among infants began to rise in the 1980s in several countries in East Asia, especially China and South Korea. A marked preference for boys exists in these countries because the society is strongly patrilineal - property and rights related inherited from father to son, there is still some time - and the place of women is reduced so that families are keen to have at least one male child to perpetuate the male line.
This child should take care of parents during their old age and then back to the worship due to ancestors as is the custom in fact confucianisme.en Since ancient times, as the Chinese saying: " the three best times of life are passing the imperial examination, marriage and birth of a son .
India it is one of the few nations, like China, whose population is characterized by a continual number of girls less than boys. the Indian census of 2001 counted 108 boys for 100 girls. In the Indian patriarchal context, where the son is of paramount importance family from the girl who is very dear to his parents, female infanticide is relayed over the past three decades by the selective abortion of female embryos. Both practices result in unbalanced rates between girls and boys. For several years, the government is trying to fight against sex-selection techniques that develop. But public opinion is not unanimous and doctors, mostly in private, made it an economic windfall. Though geographically far apart
China and India, the three Caucasian countries (Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) have experienced the same phenomenon of rising sex ratio at birth in the 1990s to nearly 118 boys to 100 girls in 2001. As in East Asia and South America, the phenomenon has selective abortions of female embryos. (1)
From infanticide to female feticide
Masculinity abnormally high birth in China and South Korea could also be explained by female infanticide. This practice has long been reported in China and other Asian countries and is often accompanied denon-reporting of birth eliminated, which contributes to the apparent deficit of girls in the statistics. But the masculinity of births was almost normal in the 1970s, a sign that female infanticide had declined or was not so widespread than imagined. The possibility for some twenty years of aborting girls avoids infanticide and should instead contribute to decrease their frequency. Nor can it explain the increased masculinity of births for two decades by the non-reporting of girls: if some are not recorded in the registry at birth, few of them are beyond the then Census population given the care taken to achieve it. (1)
Other more radical methods exist for eliminating girl babies after birth, such as poisoning, the slaughter, starvation, suffocation and drowning.
Eliminating girls in the villages of North India Arrot is often justified by natural causes, they are said still-born. Some parents even manage to obtain false death certificates from corrupt doctors. The children's bodies were then burned to destroy any evidence. It is proved that parents are poisoning their girl children, they change their method by letting the baby die example of faim.Selon some reports of abuse are inflicted on mothers and newborns if the child is a girl rather that the son wanted. The mother and infant are abused because they are perceived as a burden and often receive no medical care. 90% of infanticide occur in families where there are already two daughters. If they survive, they are likely to suffer neglect as parents openly despise these little girls. It should be noted that most of these girls are murders committed by women aged s family. (2)
The method used in countries where the proportion of boys increased is to determine the sex of the embryo during pregnancy and abort if not the desired one. The method is not 100% effective: it prevents the birth of a daughter, but does not birth to a boy. Several successive pregnancies and multiple abortions may thus precede the birth of a boy, some couples still fail after several attempts. The method also assumes that we can determine the sex of the fetus during pregnancy.
In fact, it is only since 1972 that knows how to do by collecting fetal cells by amniocentesis in establishing the karyotype. The method is however cumbersome and expensive. It remains the preserve of rich countries or wealthy minority of poor countries. The development of ultrasound in the 1970s and its widespread since the 1980s with the development of devices of reduced size and low cost has made the diagnosis of sex during pregnancy accessible to the greatest number. This method can determine the sex without too many errors from 3 to 4 months of pregnancy
Women missing
With 100 million fewer women than men Asia is the continent most masculine to monde.UNE SITUATION UNIQUE IN THE WORLD, UNIQUE IN HISTORY - China and India alone would account for 80 million missing women. Despite The first alarm sounded in 1990 by Amartya Sen, Indian economist became Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998, the situation has worsened.
Should we expect a global extension of the phenomenon? It is not clear: several Asian countries
East or South, where fertility has fallen sharply recently still have a normal sex ratio (Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore). Nor is the phenomenon appeared in the neighboring Caucasian countries (Russia, Iran, Turkey) or Central Asia.
It is the same in Bangladesh in Pakistan, but the fertility of these countries, even if it fell, is still quite high and they may be affected when it has fallen in turn. Not to mention the rest of the world (Latin America, Africa, North America, Europe) where again the sex ratio remained normal so far. However, although the phenomenon should be limited to a few countries, it has a global dimension because of the demographic weight of two of them - China and India comprise 38% of world population and a third of births world. What
the gender imbalance at birth or regressing extends to the future generations of children are already born with an overrepresentation of boys. They are likely to be affected throughout their lives, especially when they age to get in a couple: in 2020, the number of men without wives and without children is expected to reach 28-32000000 India, and 30 to 40 million in China. Indeed, the murder of girls means fewer wives and mothers for future generations, so a rapid deceleration of population growth and especially an increasing imbalance of the global population between men and women.
In the near future, we could see what Amin Maalouf describes in his book "The First Century after Beatrice": "Today social stigma, the cult of the male would become collective suicide". We then witness the "self-genocide population misogynist." (2)
(1) POPULATION AND SOCIETIES ,
(2) NGO Committee on the Status of Women - Geneva
Photo: Jacek Yerkes: Polish painter
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